| Accipiter | n: A catch-all term for short-winged hawks from the genus Accipiter - goshawk, Cooper's, sharp-shinned |
| Accipitrene | adj: Like or in the manner of an accipiter |
| Aylmeri | adj: Describing an anklet made of two separate parts. The leather cuff goes around the hawk's leg and is secured with a jess with a button on one end. |
| Aspergillosis | n: A fungal disease of the respiratory tract. Caused by a mold. This is the reason that straw and other such mold havens are never used around raptors. A particular threat in Washington, the Ever-Damp State. |
| Bagged game | n: Live prey animals deliberately released for a hawk during the last stage of training between the lure and taking wild quarry. This stage mimics natural parental training; sometimes, a single flight at bagged game is sufficient. Considered a necessary evil. Illegal in Great Britain. |
| Bal-chatri | n: Usually known as a BC. A dome-shaped cage with many nooses attached used for trapping passage raptors. The bait animal is confined safely under the dome and is not harmed by the raptor. When the raptor attempts to capture the bait it is noosed on one or both feet and immediately removed from the trap by the waiting falconer. This effective trap is currently illegal in Washington due to anti-trapping laws. |
| Bate | v: An unwanted attempt to fly off the perch or fist. Raptors bate towards desired objects, like food, or away from strange or startling objects. The falconer will attempt to settle the bird back on the fist quickly to avoid possible feather damage. (And to avoid getting smacked upside the head with a wing) |
| Bewit | n: The small leather strap used to attach a bell. |
| Bind | v: To seize the quarry without releasing it, especially if seized in midair. |
| Block | n: A wooden, concrete, or other perch with a padded top, usually topped with AstroTurf™ or cork. A block perch is wider at the bottom than the top to prevent soiling. If stuck into the ground on a spike, it's very portable. The leash is attached to a ring that moves freely around the spike so the leash doesn't get wrapped around the spike. Block perches are usually used for falcons. |
| Bow-perch | n: A bowed piece of metal padded in the center, usually with a rope or leather wrapping in the center. The hawk's leash is attached to a ring that slides freely over the bow. The free ends of the bow either are spikes, have spikes attached, or are attached to a solid wide base. Very portable. Bow perches are usually used for hawks and eagles, but also for kestrels. |
| Bow-net | n: A trap used for passage raptors made of wood or metal with spring hinges. When set, it looks like a slim crescent lying on the ground. When triggered, it snaps open into a circle, creating a loose dome of netting over the raptor. |
| Brace | n: The drawstring of a hood. The ends with the buttons on open the hood; the long slim ends close the hood. Braces are typically drawn with the free hand and the mouth (since your other hand is full of raptor). |
| Brancher | n: A young raptor, specifically a short-wing, old enough to walk about but still unable to fly. |
| Broad-winged hawk | n: An individual of the species Buteo or Parabuteo |
| Broad-winger | n: A falconer who flies a broad-winged hawk. |
| Bumblefoot | n: A disease of the foot that causes swelling of the foot. Caused by bacterial infection or improper diet. Almost entirely preventable with proper foot maintenance and diet. |
| Button | n: a section of folded leather or circular piece of leather at one end of a leash that prevents the slender strap from sliding right through. |
| Calling off | n: A training exercise. The falconer sends the bird to a perch and then calls it to the fist. Falconer walks on a bit, selects a different perch, and repeats. This exercise habituates the bird to coming when called regardless of where she is perched at the time. |
| Carry | v: Falconer: To walk with a bird
on the fist. To do this smoothly, without bouncing the bird or dropping your
arm, is harder than it looks. v: Raptor: To fly off with captured quarry. |
| Cast | n: Two or more raptors flown
together. This is a particular joy of flying the (usually) sociable Harris
hawk. v: To immobilize a raptor in a "sock" so that you can cope, imp, or attach furniture. v: To bring up a casting |
| Casting | n: A small mass made up of the indigestible parts of a meal, such as fur or feather. Regurgitated several hours after a meal. Owls cast pellets; these are much larger and contain bones as well. |
| Cere | n: The waxy rounded area between the beak and crown where the nostrils are. Color of the cere can be an indicator of health and, in some birds, age. |
| Chalk | n: Excreta; said of short- and broad-wings. Tends to be projected some distance and generally "whitewashes" an area around preferred perches. |
| Check | v: To stop flying at pursued
quarry either because it gave up (rabbit ran under a rock) or it began chasing another. n: Unwanted quarry. For example, if you are out after ducks, and the falcon flies off after a crow, she is flying at check. |
| Cope | v: To trim and shape the talons and beak so they are of proper length, shape, and sharpness. |
| Creance | n: A long light line secured to the hawk during a later stage in training. |
| Crop | n: The top part of the esophagus. It functions as short-term storage so that the raptor can eat a large amount of food quickly and digest it later. Swells noticeably when full. |
| Dho-gazza | n: Another kind of trap. A square or rectangular net is suspended vertically next to a bait animal. The raptor attempts to take the bait and flies into the net instead. |
| Draw | v: To pull on the braces to close the hood. |
| Enseam | v: To get a bird back into top condition through elimination of excess fat, usually after the molt. Also somewhat implies that the bird is getting re-accustomed to being handled. |
| Enter, enter on | v: Initiated on, said of prey species. A red-tail is usually entered on rabbits, for example. |
| Eyass | n: Baby hawk or falcon still in
its soft fluffy baby feathers. Also "downy". n / adj: Raptor trained from (basically) infancy. Many captive-bred birds fall into this category. Even though the bird may be an adult, the term eyass is tacked onto the bird's description to distinguish it from a bird that began falconry at passage or haggard age. |
| Falcon | n: Bird of genus Falco. n: Catch-all term for referring to all falconry birds in general. |
| Falconer | n: Catch-all term for one who
trains and flies falconry raptors. n: Strictly speaking, a falconer flies the long-wings, so those who prefer other species may refer to themselves as falconers or hawkers. Loosely interchangeable. |
| Falconry | n: The art of training raptors to
hunt in cooperation with a person v : The sport of actively pursuing wild quarry with a trained raptor, also called "hawking". |
| Feak | v: To clean the beak by wiping it on the perch or glove after eating. Feaking is generally a sign that the bird is comfortable and relaxed. |
| Fist-bound | adj: A raptor who will willingly come to the fist but refuses to chase quarry, expecting to be fed by the falconer and not seek food on his own. |
| Foot | v: To grasp or scratch with the talons. |
| Footed | v: Injured by a talon. Ranges from tiny scratches to bone penetration. Seriously. |
| Frounce | n: A disease of the upper digestive tract caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. A clear indicator of frounce is picking bites of food and flinging them around without eating them. Typically contracted from infected food such as doves or pigeons. |
| Gorge | v: To feed a raptor until it is
completely full. v: For a raptor to eat until it is completely full. |
| Grommet | n: A small metal circle used to finish and reinforce holes. Comes in two pieces and attaches with special grommet pliers. Shoelaces lace through grommets. Tarps usually have grommets in the corners for attaching ropes or bungie cords. Eyelets are one-piece metal circles and are occasionally used in microfalcon equipment. |
| Haggard | n / adj: A raptor trapped after its first migration or in full adult plumage. For comparison, see eyass, passage. Falconers are not permitted haggard birds (except the American Kestrel, which may go through a complete moult in its first year of life). |
| Hard-penned | adj: Feathers are fully grown in and are no longer soft down or blood feathers. |
| Hawk | n: A short- or long-wing raptor;
accipiter or buteo. n: Catch-all term used for referring to falconry birds in general. |
| Hood | n: A leather or synthetic cap covering the raptor's entire head. It keeps the bird calm by preventing her from seeing anything scary or startling. Each hood is custom-made so that it fits comfortably and properly without any danger of touching the eyes or ruffling feathers. |
| Imp | v: To repair a broken feather by completely removing the broken-off end and reattaching a properly-shaped section of previously-molted feather. |
| Intermewed | adj: A raptor that has molted in the mews. A "2-times intermewed" raptor is three years old. |
| Jack, jacks | n: shortened form of "jackrabbit" n: A male Merlin (Falco columbarius) n: shortened form of Jack Russell terriers, a common rabbit-hawking dog. |
| Jess | n: A leather or synthetic strap attached to the anklet of a trained raptor. |
| Leash | n: A long, slender length of leather or nylon cord that tethers a raptor to a perch. |
| Lure | n: A padded dummy which may have
fur or feathers attached. v: To call in a trained raptor by swinging a lure. |
| Man | v: To accustom a raptor to having people around; not entirely the same as "taming". Basically to remove the fear of humans and human handling, but without impairing natural hunting instincts. |
| Mantle | v: Stretching out a wing and leg
on the same side. v: Stretching out wings (and usually tail) to cover some desired object: food, fist, lure, quarry. |
| Mews | n: Housing for a raptor. Must be built in accordance with state and federal law. |
| Mute | v: To excrete. Used for long-wings. Tends to fall more or less straight down. |
| Mutes | n: Excreta. Used for long-wings. Long-wings mute mutes. Broad- and short-wings slice chalk. |
| Nares | n: Nostrils. Located in the cere. |
| Passage, passager | n / adj: Raptor trapped in
immature plumage during its first migration. For comparison, see eyass,
haggard. Passagers have lived so far on food from their parents and summer's abundant quarry, but 70-90% of them will die when winter comes. Falconers trap from this population and multiple environmental impact investigations have found that falconry has absolutely no effect on raptor populations. |
| Pitch | n: The height at which a falcon waits on. In general, the higher the pitch, the better. |
| Put in | v: To hide in or seek cover; said
of quarry. v: To cause quarry to seek cover; said of the hawk. |
| Put over | v: To push food in the crop further into the digestive system. The hawk will move its head and neck as if shrugging during this process. Eventually, the entire contents of the crop will be put over and the digestible bits digested; the indigestible bits will eventually be cast. |
| Rake away | v: To give up pursuit of quarry and soar off. |
| Rangle | n: Small round stones given in food. They are later cast and are covered with fat and other ickiness from the crop. Giving rangle to keep the crop clean is a preventative health measure. |
| Ring-perch | n: A perch that is made of a swiveling ring instead of a block or bow. Variant on the bow perch. The ring must swivel to prevent the leash wrapping around it. |
| Ring up | v: To gain altitude by flying in circles and spiraling up. |
| Rouse | v: The raptor raises all feathers, shakes vigorously, then lets them slowly return to normal. This is a sign of health and relaxation. |
| Serve | v: To flush quarry at a waiting raptor. Serving the bird properly is one of the most critical and difficult things to do. It must be the right quarry flushed in the right way in the right direction at the right time... This is one reason why we use dogs, especially when quarry is likely to hide in the blackberries. Serving game is basically our only purpose as falconers. |
| Sharp-set | adj: Ready to eat and eager to hunt. |
| Slice | v: To excrete. Used for short- and broad-wings. |
| Slip | v: To release a hawk at quarry n: Catch-all term for a reasonable chance at game: "Last weekend I had two slips at mallard." |
| Stoop | v: To drop onto quarry below.
Peregrine falcon stoops can reach over 240 miles an hour. n: Such a drop. "She stooped on the duck. What a stoop!" |
| Strike | n: The impact of a falcon with
quarry v: To hit quarry in flight but not grab it (impact without binding). v: To loosen the braces of a hood |
| Slice | v: Excrete. Said of short- and broad-wings. Slices can be projected some distance and generally "whitewash" an area around preferred perches. |
| Sour crop | n: A digestive condition. The raptor is overfed and the food actually starts rotting in the crop. The food must be removed, which usually requires a vet's assistance. Smells terrible. Fatal if untreated. |
| Swivel | n: Two moveable rings or loops attached in the middle. Looks much like, and in some cases is, a heavy-duty fishing swivel. There are many kinds, some much more suitable than others. |
| Tiercel | n: A small Honda.. no, wait,
that's the Tercel. Sorry. n: A male hawk. Derives from Latin tierce meaning one-third, since the male is typically about 1/3 smaller than the female and in some cases may be even half her size. |
| Tiring | n: A leg, wing, or other bony part with little meat given to a hawk to tear at for a while. Basically a chew toy. |
| Train | n: A raptor's tail. |
| Wait on | v: A falcon circles above the falconer waiting to be served. Hawks do not do this. |
| Wake, waking | v: To carry a newly-trapped hawk for extended periods, preventing it from sleeping. The goal is to shorten the initial manning period as much as possible by getting it all over with at once. |
| Weather | v: To place a hawk outside on a perch so that it is exposed to fresh air, sun, rain (although shelter must always be provided, some raptors enjoy the rain). Promotes good healthy feather growth and general health. |
| Weathering yard | n: A large enclosed space where a raptor can weather safely protected from cats, dogs, people, and other raptors. |
| Wedded to | adj: A raptor that take a particular quarry consistently is said to be "wedded to" that species. Given a chance, the raptor will prefer to pursue that quarry over nearly any other, regardless of the falconer's preferences, and will even check off a flight at different game to pursue the preferred quarry. |
| Yarak | adj: A description of an attitude/state of being. The bird will sit erect and alert with crest feathers slightly raised and feathers partially puffed. This bird is psyched up and ready to go! He's "got his game face on". |